The role and importance of the organization of professionally-oriented training in a foreign language for the purpose of development of clinical thinking in medical students is revealed in the article. Within the frame of our study we have elaborated professionally-oriented learning activity in which the purpose, content and methods of its organization are aimed at developing professionally-oriented knowledge, skills, gaining experience of speech and cognitive actions based on the clinical thinking when working with professional information and with professionally-oriented case studies. The practical significance is connected with a stage step-by-step implementation of organizational and pedagogical conditions allowing to form professionally-oriented linguistic competence and use it as a means of raising the level of professional education.